I-oyile yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe e-China, kwaye inqanaba lokubuyiswa kwe-oli liye laba yinkxalabo kwishishini laseTshayina.Umthamo wamanzi wepetroleum kwilizwe lethu ubusoloko uphezulu.Indlela yokunciphisa umthamo wamanzi nayo ibe yingxaki enkulu kwishishini.Itekhnoloji yokubuyisela ioyile kwinqanaba eliphezuluukusebenzisa i-polymer njengomphathi ngumlinganiselo osebenzayo wokusombulula le ngxaki.Le ndlela iphucula ngempumelelo ukuxhathisa ityuwa yeoli kwaye inciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo.Ke ngoko, uphuhliso olutsha lweepolymers ezintsha sisitshixo sokukhuthaza itekhnoloji yokuhlola ioyile yaseTshayina.
Amagama angundoqo:ipholima, iteknoloji yokubuyisela i-oyile ephakamileyo, inkqubo yophuhliso, isikhokelo sophando oluphambili
Okwangoku, i-oyile yaseTshayina inomthamo ophezulu wamanzi, kwaye ukuxhomekeka kwayo kwioli yangaphandle kuyanda.Ioyile ikwindawo enkulu eTshayina.Ngoko ke, kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba ioli inokunyusa imveliso ngokusekelwe kwimveliso ezinzileyo kunye nokuxhaphazwa okukhuselekileyo.Yeyona ngxaki ibalulekileyo yokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umthamo wamanzi we-oyile, kunye nokubuyiswa kwe-oyile ephakamileyo kusetyenziswa i-polymer njengoko umthwali ungomnye wamanyathelo asebenzayo okusombulula le ngxaki.Kule nkqubo, i-polymer ephambilipolyacrylamide, ezinokubangela ukungazinzi, ukungcoliseka kwendalo, ukunganyangeki kwetyuwa embi kunye nezinye izinto, ngoko ke ezi zinto ziye zabangela iingxaki zobuchwepheshe ekufuneka zisonjululwe kwindlela yokunyusa.Ukuze kukhuthazwe uphuhliso lweshishini leoli, uphando kwiipolymers ezintsha ziye zaba yeyona teknoloji iphambili.
1. Inkqubo yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokubuyisela ioyile kwinqanaba eliphezulu
Itekhnoloji yokubuyisela i-oyile kwinqanaba eliphezulu ifumene utshintsho olukhulu oluthathu.Uphuhliso lokuqala lwaluvela kwi-1950 ukuya kwi-1969. Ioli enzima yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lepetroleum ukufezekisa iteknoloji yokutshatyalaliswa kweoli ye-steam, ngoko ke ioli enzima yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi.Uphuhliso lwesibini lwalusuka kwi-1971 ukuya kwi-1980. Ngelo xesha, ukukhukula komphunga kwakuyeyona ndlela iphambili, kodwa ukubuyiswa kweoli ephezulu kunye nokukhukula kweekhemikhali kwaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza.Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwezikhukhula zekhemikhali ngelo xesha lwaluthintelwe zizinto ezininzi ezingaqinisekanga, ezifana neendleko eziphezulu, ungcoliseko olunzima, njl njl. Uphuhliso lwesithathu lwaqala ngo-1990, kwaye iteknoloji yesitofu segesi exutywayo iye yaphuhliswa ngokubanzi e-China.Le teknoloji ineenzuzo zeendleko eziphantsi zokusetyenziswa, uluhlu olubanzi lwesicelo, kwaye inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhuselwa kwendalo.
2, itekhnoloji entsha yokubuyisela ioyile yepolymer ephezulu
Le teknoloji iqokelela ulwelo lweoyile ngamaxesha amathathu.Ukubuyiswa kweoli yokuqala kubhekisela kumandla okugcina amanzi kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa kweoli;Inkqubo yokubuyisela ioli yesibini kukugcwalisa i-reservoir ngamandla ahambayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukongeza igesi kunye namanzi kwindawo yokugcina amanzi;Ukubuyiselwa kwe-oyile kwinqanaba eliphezulu kusebenzisa imichiza ukuguqula ukusebenza okufanayo kwegesi, amanzi, i-oyile kunye namatye.Phakathi kweetekhnoloji ezintathu zokubuyisela ioyile, itekhnoloji yesithathu yokubuyisela ioyile yeyona yamkelwa kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi namhlanje.Le teknoloji inokubuyisela okusebenzayo ngakumbi kunezinye ezimbini, inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukunqunyulwa kwamanzi kwindawo yeoli, kwaye iyona ndlela yokuphucula umgangatho we-oyile e-China.Iipolymer ezintsha zikhona kwi-comb ye-molecular structure, enokuphucula ukuxhathisa ityuwa kwiimolekyuli ze-polymer kwaye iphucule kakhulu ukubuyiswa kwe-oyile.Le polymer entsha isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiindawo zeoyile ezinkulu eTshayina, kwaye umphumo ubaluleke kakhulu, obonakaliswe ekusebenzeni.Xa kuthelekiswa nepolyacrylamide eqhelekileyo, le molekyuli entsha ye-polymer ayinciphisi kakhulu kuphela iindleko zokusetyenziswa, kodwa inokukhusela indalo kunye nokunyusa izinga lokubuyisela ioli ngeepesenti ezimbini, iphucula kakhulu izinga lokubuyisela ioli.
I-3, Izalathiso eziphambili zophando zokubuyiselwa kweoyile kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo
Okokuqala, kwintsimi yeoli yanamhlanje, i-surfactant enefuthe elihle lokufuduswa kweoyile kunye nexabiso eliphantsi sisikhokelo sophando kweli nqanaba kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-oyile ehlanganisiweyo ye-ternary.Ukongeza, ukhetho lwe-surfactant luphononongwa ukuze kuncitshiswe ngokufanelekileyo ixabiso le-surfactant kwinkqubo yokudibana kwe-ternary.Okwangoku, ugqaliselo lophando lweshishini lepetroleum kukunciphisa isiphumo sokwahlukana kwechromatographic, kwaye izisombululo ezinokwenzeka nezisebenzayo ziye zacetywa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeoyile ezinxulumeneyo, ezibonelela ngesiseko esomeleleyo sefomula enkulu yomgama ohambelanayo.
Okwesibini, ukuphucula ukubuyiswa kwe-oyile, ukukhukula kwe-foam composite kukwabuchwephesha obusebenzayo.Le teknoloji ayihlanganisi nje kuphela iingenelo zokubuyiswa kweoli ye-thermal, kodwa ineenzuzo zokufuduka kweoli ye-foam, kwaye iphinde ibe nefuthe lokufuduka kwe-oyile ye-nitrogen kunye ne-carbon dioxide, iphucula kakhulu i-oil displacement effect.
Le teknoloji inokungena ngokufanelekileyo kwizithuba ezincinci kunye nemingxuma engenakufikeleleka yinkqubo ye-ternary composite yokususa i-oyile eseleyo.Iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo zibonisa ukuba i-oyile yokubuyisela i-oyile iphuculwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokukhukula kwe-foam.Emva kwesitofu sepolymer, kunye nobushushu obukhulayo, izikhukhula ezidibeneyo zogwebu ziphucula ukubuyiswa kweoyile.Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa, ukubuyiswa kweoli kunokufikelela kwi-16%.
Okwesithathu, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukufuduswa kweoyile encinci kuphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kwitekhnoloji ephezulu yokubuyisela ioyile, kwaye phantse zonke iindawo zeoyile ziye zenza uphando olufanelekileyo malunga nokufuduswa kweoyile encinci kunye nokubuyiswa kweoyile.Zingaphezulu kwama-20 iisayithi zovavanyo lokufuduswa kwe-oyile ye-microbial e-China.Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji yangoku ayifezekanga, kwaye ezinye iingxaki zobugcisa zisafuna ukusonjululwa, njengophando lokuhlola iikholoni ze-microbial kwindawo yendalo.
4. Iingxaki
Ukusetyenziswa kweepolymers kwimimandla yeoli kunokuphucula kakhulu izinga lokubuyisela ioli kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuzisa inzuzo enkulu yezoqoqosho, kodwa akukho nto kwihlabathi eligqibeleleyo.Ezi zilandelayo zezinye iingxaki ekusebenziseni ngokubonakalayo iipolymers:
(1) Ukuvaleka kweWellhead
Into ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukubuyiswa kweoli yipolymer, enokunciphisa kakhulu umthamo wamanzi weoli.Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, xa uxinzelelo lwenaliti yezinye iipolymers lunyuka kwaye lusondela kuxinzelelo lokuphuka, amaxabiso abo oxinzelelo awafikeleli kwiimfuno, kwaye xa umthamo wenaliti uncitshisiwe, ukuplaga kwepolymer okucacileyo kwenzeka kwintloko yequla, echaphazela i-polymer. ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yeoli.
(2) Ulwabiwo lwesitofu kunye nelindle
Injongo kukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenzisa izikhukhula zepolymer kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi acocekileyo kwisikhukula sepolymer.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkqubela phambili yenziwe kuphando lwenaliti yepolymer ngogutyulo olunamafutha.Indlela yokuqala kukusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo ilindle elinamafutha ukungcungcuthekisa ipholima ekwaziyo ukumelana netyuwa.Ngaphambi kokuhlanjululwa, ukungcola kwebhaktheriya kufuneka kususwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-viscosity ye-polymer ayiyi kutshintshwa.Indlela yesibini kukucocwa kwangaphambi kogutyulo olune-oyile ukwenza umgangatho wamanzi ufikelele kumanzi acocekileyo anetyuwa ephantsi, emva koko uwafake kwipolima.Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwangoku alunako ukuqonda okunzulu kwendlela ye-viscosity echaphazela i-polymer, kwaye inkqubo yokumisela i-polymer kunye ne-oily sewege ifuna ukuphuculwa ngakumbi kunye nokuphuculwa.
5. Isiphelo
Ubuchwephesha bophononongo lwenqanaba lesithathu budibanisa ubugcisa obuphezulu nobutsha kwifiziksi, ikhemistri kunye nebhayoloji ukuze ngokuqhubekayo kuphuculwe itekhnoloji yokuhlola i-oyile.Kwishishini lepetroleum,itekhnoloji yokuxhaphaza kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyoesekwe kwipolymer ifikelele kushishino kunye nosetyenziso olukhulu, olunokubonelela ngeendlela ezinamandla zobuchwephesha bokuxhaphazwa kwepetroleum yaseChina.Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqiniswa kweendlela zobugcisa, ezinye zeengxaki eziza kunye zisinika intloko ebuhlungu.Ezi ngxaki zimbini zikhankanywe kweli nqaku zezinye zazo.Ngoko ke, kwindlela yamaxesha amathathu ophando lwezimayini kunye nophuhliso, asikwazi ukuphumla nangaliphi na ixesha.Kufuneka siqinise iinzame zophando lwezenzululwazi ukujongana neengxaki ezingundoqo, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki kubuchwepheshe bezemigodi ngcono nangempumelelo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-19-2022